Organizational Discipline is the practice of self-restraint and learning to follow the best course of action which may not be ones’ desired.  In team activities, where several individuals work towards a same goal, discipline is of utmost importance. Organizations thrive on team work, and without discipline teams cannot function properly. It acts as the backbone of the organization structure and maintains […]

The Organizational Behaviour modification theory or the Reinforcement theory deals with changing behaviour through rewards or punishments that are essentially contingent on performance.  It is primarily based on the following two principles.  1. A behaviour that leads to a positive consequence (reward) tends to be repeated,      while a behaviour that leads to a negative consequence (punishment) tends not to […]

Operating conditioning is a type of learning coined by BF Skinner that is based on the premise that learning occurs through consequences of their actions.  A desirable behaviour can be enhanced or repeated through positive reinforcement whereas unwanted behaviour can be eliminated through punishment.  BF Skinner tested this theory using a lab rat that was put into a cage. By […]

Open Book Management (OBM) is a philosophy wherein a company shares all its financial and operational information (critical data) with all the employees and expects them to align themselves with company’s goals such that the overall performance of the organization is enhanced.  This way, the employee considers himself as a company’s stakeholder rather than just a ‘hired worker’, and hence […]

Observation interview is defined as the process of observing certain employees in a firm while they are performing their respective jobs and tasks given at a certain time, these observations are then utilized to gather data regarding specific jobs and tasks. There is different type of observation interviews: – 1.Direct (Reactive) Observation During direct observation the interviewer knows that somebody is […]

Objectives and Key Results (OKR) is a framework used to define an organization’s objectives and then the key results which can measure those objectives. The main objective of OKR is to make sure that the employees or the team members are aligned and they work towards a clear objective which is defined. Objective can be a company level, a team […]

Negative reinforcement is a process of strengthening any desired behaviour by removing an adverse stimulus.  Adverse stimuli can be anything that causes physical or mental discomfort.  This term was described by B.F. Skinner in his Operant Conditioning Theory. It can also be used as a problem solving method by which hindrances can be removed before attempting a task.  This method […]

Natural unemployment is the rate of unemployment due to normal labour market friction, when the labour market is in equilibrium. To elucidate the point we first take a look of the types of unemployment and the components of natural unemployment. Unemployment can be categorised in into 3 broad categories:   a. Structural unemployment: As the economy evolves over time, the skill […]